ok, Miss Parra, here I am . Here Im going to write my task about disasters. Did you remember 1985's chilean earthquake? im going to talk (write) about it. See you Elizabeth Ponce
The Great Chilean Earthquake or Valdivian Earthquake, the largest one of the 20th century, occured in May 22nd, 1960, off the coast of South Central Chile. It was recorded as the most powerful earthquake, rating 9.5 on “The Moment Magnitude Richter” ( a better measure of the earthquake’s energy release). It occurred in the early afternoon (19:11 UTC). The epicenter was 10 kilometres near Valdivia,some 700 kilometres south of Santiago. The Great Chilean Earthquake was preceded by a smaller earthquake in Arauco Province on 21st May. Telecomunications to the southerm Chile were cut off, and the President Jorge Alessandri had to cancel the traditional ceremony of the Battle of Iquique, to oversee the emergency assistance efforts. The goverment was just beggining to organize help to the affected zone,when the second earthquake ocurred. The second earthquake affected all of Chilean territory between Talca and Chiloé Island, more than 400,000 square kilometers. Coastal villages, such as Toltén, disappeared. At Corral, the main port of Valdivia, the water level rose 4 meters before it began to recede.
Causes. Chile is ubicated over a high sismical zone known as the «Cinturón de fuego del Pacífico». This southerm region of Chile where the May 22, 1960 eathquake occured was along the great subduction zone between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate. Specifically, the earthquake´s focal mechanism was of the thrust-type and was caused by the downward movement of the subducting Chile Ridge oceanic plate below the South American plate. This coincided with the Chile triple junction region where elastic strain had accumulated.
Consequences The earthquake was extremely destructive, particulary along the coastal area extending from Concepción to the south end of Isla Chiloé. There was extensive damage and loss of life throughout all the region. Near the city of Valdivia, the Earthquake and subsequent aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. A number of Spanish-colonial forts around Valdivia were completely destroyed. Soil subsidence also destroyed buildings, deepened local rivers, and created wetlands in places like the Río Cruces and Chorocomayo, a new aquatic park north of the city. The electricity and water systems of Valdivia were totally destroyed. Despite the heavy rains of 21 May, the city was without a water supply. The river turned brown with sediment from landslides and was full of floating debris— including entire houses. The lack of potable water became a serious problem in Chile's most rainy region. The death toll and monetary losses arising from such a widespread disaster can never be precisely known. Estimated of fatalities ranged between 490 to 2290 , with no distinction as total os 130000 houses were destroyed, one in every three in the earthquake zone and approximately 2000000 people were left homeless. Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated to be over a half million dollars (1960 dollars).
Possible methods of prevention. Eventhoght there isn´t any method to predict when is going to occurr a eathquake, the prevention can be taken in the way that the buildings are constructed, with antisismics measures, with international quality standars. Other way to prevent lifes´s losses is trainning people in order to how to behave during a earthquake and how to prevent life injuries through the event.
According to a new study carried out by Chilean firm TNS Time, the percentage of Chileans describing themselves as “vegetarian” has more than doubled since2004. In 2004, three percent of Chileans said that they did not eat meat, while the latest survey shows that eight percent of those interviewed do not eat meat. The majority of Chile’s vegetarians are under 24 years old, with 14.7 percent of young Chileans choosing not to eat meat. This concurs with the findings of studies done by the cardiology unit at Universidad Catolica, where pediatric nutrition expert Salesa Barja said: “We have noticed an increasing number of children and teenagers are vegetarian.” This change in eating habits is reflected in the number of vegetarian restaurants in Chile. Four new vegetarian restaurants have opened in Santiago in the last few years, and another in Valparaiso.
''Chilean education and the role of future teachers''
One of the most important words in the life of a human been is Education. This concept is throughout all our existence, in one way or another. We chose this profession not because the Money but children and teenagers. English teachers have the big change to create new worlds through the language. Most of our Chilean students don´t have the opportunity of travel abroad neither into their own country, then English can open this doors to the students to know other cultures and lifestyles. Nowadays, the role of the teachers has changed as well as our students. We have no enough family support because the speed of the modern lifestyle, therefore, students look for more than Education but love and someone who listen to them. So we are the teachers of the future, for today and tomorrow. The teacher of the XXI century will need to be, not only a highly trained professional teacher, but must also possess skills in counseling and mediation, and have a strong understanding of the social supports available to families and young people. It pays special attention to how secondary teacher education prepares teachers for a growing school population that will work and engage in the complexities of a modern and global society where meaningful knowledge processing and its use are an indispensable set of competencies, however, building of professional identity, our socialisation into schools, the relative weights of initial teacher education and experience, and the lack of support as we begin to teach are disappointing facts for our professional development. Despite of all that was mentioned before, we must to have, as teachers, a correct class management and control, questioning and explaining, and the teaching of mixed-ability groups … It is a big challenge isn’t it? The Minister of Education in Chile is updating its practices in order to train teachers for manage new methodologies, planning new lessons and developing proyects in some schools, using technology to the service of language. Also it is promoting Teachers Networks, where the members can share their experiences and materials, as an important tool for the professional development and improve our way of teaching. This program is called English Opens Doors. In its web page www.ingles.mineduc.cl we can find a lots of links related with scholarship to teachers and pedagogy students, seminars, English workshops for teachers and students among others activities to promote the use of English as a second Language. This kind of Government Program, is one way to “take the challenge” to be a teacher of the future. Most of English teachers in Chile are between thirty five and fifty years old, and some of them are Elementary teacher with a Mention in English that is not enough to teach English. For these reasons, it is important to take this opportunity offer for free by the State, and update our practices an knowledge about Language. We are going to be teacher very soon, some of us are teaching English today. But all of us are sure that it is a very difficult work. Even though, as I said before, we chose this career not for money but vocation. We are the teacher of the future. We are called to take the challenge.
6 comentarios:
mmmm. well I ´ve changed my mind and my work is about Valdivian earthquake. sorry!!!!
Description of the event
The Great Chilean Earthquake or Valdivian Earthquake, the largest one of the 20th century, occured in May 22nd, 1960, off the coast of South Central Chile. It was recorded as the most powerful earthquake, rating 9.5 on “The Moment Magnitude Richter” ( a better measure of the earthquake’s energy release).
It occurred in the early afternoon (19:11 UTC). The epicenter was 10 kilometres near Valdivia,some 700 kilometres south of Santiago.
The Great Chilean Earthquake was preceded by a smaller earthquake in Arauco Province on 21st May. Telecomunications to the southerm Chile were cut off, and the President Jorge Alessandri had to cancel the traditional ceremony of the Battle of Iquique, to oversee the emergency assistance efforts. The goverment was just beggining to organize help to the affected zone,when the second earthquake ocurred. The second earthquake affected all of Chilean territory between Talca and Chiloé Island, more than 400,000 square kilometers. Coastal villages, such as Toltén, disappeared. At Corral, the main port of Valdivia, the water level rose 4 meters before it began to recede.
Causes.
Chile is ubicated over a high sismical zone known as the «Cinturón de fuego del Pacífico». This southerm region of Chile where the May 22, 1960 eathquake occured was along the great subduction zone between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate. Specifically, the earthquake´s focal mechanism was of the thrust-type and was caused by the downward movement of the subducting Chile Ridge oceanic plate below the South American plate. This coincided with the Chile triple junction region where elastic strain had accumulated.
Consequences
The earthquake was extremely destructive, particulary along the coastal area extending from Concepción to the south end of Isla Chiloé. There was extensive damage and loss of life throughout all the region. Near the city of Valdivia, the Earthquake and subsequent aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. A number of Spanish-colonial forts around Valdivia were completely destroyed. Soil subsidence also destroyed buildings, deepened local rivers, and created wetlands in places like the Río Cruces and Chorocomayo, a new aquatic park north of the city.
The electricity and water systems of Valdivia were totally destroyed. Despite the heavy rains of 21 May, the city was without a water supply. The river turned brown with sediment from landslides and was full of floating debris— including entire houses. The lack of potable water became a serious problem in Chile's most rainy region.
The death toll and monetary losses arising from such a widespread disaster can never be precisely known.
Estimated of fatalities ranged between 490 to 2290 , with no distinction as total os 130000 houses were destroyed, one in every three in the earthquake zone and approximately 2000000 people were left homeless. Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated to be over a half million dollars (1960 dollars).
Possible methods of prevention.
Eventhoght there isn´t any method to predict when is going to occurr a eathquake, the prevention can be taken in the way that the buildings are constructed, with antisismics measures, with international quality standars.
Other way to prevent lifes´s losses is trainning people in order to how to behave during a earthquake and how to prevent life injuries through the event.
CHILE’S VEGETARIANS DOUBLE IN THREE YEARS
According to a new study carried out by Chilean firm TNS Time, the percentage of Chileans describing themselves as “vegetarian” has more than doubled since2004.
In 2004, three percent of Chileans said that they did not eat meat, while the latest survey shows that eight percent of those interviewed
do not eat meat.
The majority of Chile’s vegetarians are under 24 years old, with 14.7 percent of young Chileans choosing not to eat meat. This concurs with the findings of studies done by the cardiology unit at Universidad Catolica, where pediatric nutrition expert Salesa Barja said: “We have noticed an increasing number of children and teenagers are vegetarian.”
This change in eating habits is reflected in the number of vegetarian restaurants in Chile.
Four new vegetarian restaurants have opened in Santiago in the last few years, and another in Valparaiso.
proving proving
''Chilean education and the role of future teachers''
One of the most important words in the life of a human been is Education. This concept is throughout all our existence, in one way or another.
We chose this profession not because the Money but children and teenagers. English teachers have the big change to create new worlds through the language. Most of our Chilean students don´t have the opportunity of travel abroad neither into their own country, then English can open this doors to the students to know other cultures and lifestyles.
Nowadays, the role of the teachers has changed as well as our students. We have no enough family support because the speed of the modern lifestyle, therefore, students look for more than Education but love and someone who listen to them. So we are the teachers of the future, for today and tomorrow.
The teacher of the XXI century will need to be, not only a highly trained professional teacher, but must also possess skills in counseling and mediation, and have a strong understanding of the social supports available to families and young people.
It pays special attention to how secondary teacher education prepares teachers for a growing school population that will work and engage in the complexities of a modern and global society where meaningful knowledge processing and its use are an indispensable set of competencies, however, building of professional identity, our socialisation into schools, the relative weights of initial teacher education and experience, and the lack of support as we begin to teach are disappointing facts for our professional development.
Despite of all that was mentioned before, we must to have, as teachers, a correct
class management and control, questioning and explaining, and the teaching of mixed-ability groups … It is a big challenge isn’t it?
The Minister of Education in Chile is updating its practices in order to train teachers for manage new methodologies, planning new lessons and developing proyects in some schools, using technology to the service of language. Also it is promoting Teachers Networks, where the members can share their experiences and materials, as an important tool for the professional development and improve our way of teaching.
This program is called English Opens Doors. In its web page www.ingles.mineduc.cl we can find a lots of links related with scholarship to teachers and pedagogy students, seminars, English workshops for teachers and students among others activities to promote the use of English as a second Language.
This kind of Government Program, is one way to “take the challenge” to be a teacher of the future. Most of English teachers in Chile are between thirty five and fifty years old, and some of them are Elementary teacher with a Mention in English that is not enough to teach English. For these reasons, it is important to take this opportunity offer for free by the State, and update our practices an knowledge about Language.
We are going to be teacher very soon, some of us are teaching English today. But all of us are sure that it is a very difficult work. Even though, as I said before, we chose this career not for money but vocation. We are the teacher of the future. We are called to take the challenge.
Elizabeth Ponce Navarro.
Miss Antonieta:
Here you are!
Best Wishes
Elizabeth
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